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DNA synthesis is the creation of DNA molecules by natural or artificial means. Learn about DNA replication, repair, reverse transcription, PCR, gene synthesis and more, with examples and references.
The Takeaway: DNA synthesis refers to the process by which a new strand of DNA is created using an existing DNA template. This fundamental biological process is essential for the growth, development, and maintenance of living organisms.
DNA is an organic chemical that contains genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis. It is found in most of every organism and has a double-helix structure composed of nucleotides with four bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
The synthesis of synthetic DNA is often referred to generically as “gene synthesis,” which specifically is the synthesis of gene-length pieces of DNA (250–2000 bp) directly from single-stranded synthetic DNA oligonucleotides.
Learn how DNA synthesis occurs in vivo and in vitro, and why it is important for biological information and genetics studies. Find out the role of DNA polymerase, the direction of synthesis, and the differences between replication and PCR.
New DNA is made by enzymes called DNA polymerases, which require a template and a primer (starter) and synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction. During DNA replication, one new strand (the leading strand) is made as a continuous piece. The other (the lagging strand) is made in small pieces.
We discuss pros and cons of each technology, the need for oversight and regulatory policies for DNA synthesis as a whole and give an overview of DNA synthesis business models.
A DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits. Each of these chains is known as a DNA chain, or a DNA strand. Hydrogen bonds between the base portions of the nucleotides hold the two chains together (Figure 4-3).
Learn how to synthesize short fragments of DNA, called oligonucleotides, using solid-phase techniques and protected nucleotides. The web page explains the five steps of chemical synthesis of DNA and provides exercises and answers.
Learn how DNA replication, the process of making new DNA strands in living cells, works at the molecular level. Find out how DNA polymerase, primers, nucleotides, and proof-reading are involved...