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Stocks, unlike the pillory or pranger, restrain only the feet. Stocks are feet restraining devices that were used as a form of corporal punishment and public humiliation. The use of stocks is seen as early as Ancient Greece, where they are described as being in use in Solon 's law code. The law describing its use is cited by the orator Lysias ...
e. In economics and finance, market manipulation is a type of market abuse where there is a deliberate attempt to interfere with the free and fair operation of the market; the most blatant of cases involve creating false or misleading appearances with respect to the price of, or market for, a product, security or commodity. [citation needed]
Securities fraud, also known as stock fraud and investment fraud, is a deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions on the basis of false information. [1] [failed verification][2][3] The setups are generally made to result in monetary gain for the deceivers, and generally ...
Theory. v. t. e. Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by states or institutions against states, groups, or individuals. [1][2] Economic sanctions are a form of coercion that attempts to get an actor to change its behavior through disruption in economic exchange.
According to Aristotle in The Politics (Book I Section 1259a), [3] Thales of Miletus once cornered the market in olive-oil presses: . Thales, so the story goes, because of his poverty was taunted with the uselessness of philosophy; but from his knowledge of astronomy he had observed while it was still winter that there was going to be a large crop of olives, so he raised a small sum of money ...
Naked short selling is a case of short selling without first arranging a borrow. If the stock is in short supply, finding shares to borrow can be difficult. The seller may also decide not to borrow the shares, in some cases because lenders are not available, or because the costs of lending are too high.
e. Insider trading is the trading of a public company 's stock or other securities (such as bonds or stock options) based on material, nonpublic information about the company. In various countries, some kinds of trading based on insider information are illegal. This is because it is seen as unfair to other investors who do not have access to ...
Pump and dump (P&D) is a form of securities fraud that involves artificially inflating the price of an owned stock through false and misleading positive statements (pump), in order to sell the cheaply purchased stock at a higher price (dump). Once the operators of the scheme "dump" (sell) their overvalued shares, the price falls and investors ...