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The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy. [1][2][3] The equation was formulated in 1961 by Frank Drake, not for purposes of quantifying the number of civilizations, but as a way to stimulate scientific dialogue at the first ...
Two-dimensional plot (red curve) of the algebraic equation . Elementary algebra, also known as college algebra, [1] encompasses the basic concepts of algebra. It is often contrasted with arithmetic: arithmetic deals with specified numbers, [2] whilst algebra introduces variables (quantities without fixed values). [3]
The second is: ¨ = (+) + which is derived from the first together with the trace of Einstein's field equations (the dimension of the two equations is time −2). a is the scale factor , G , Λ , and c are universal constants ( G is the Newtonian constant of gravitation , Λ is the cosmological constant with dimension length −2 , and c is the ...
In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is a chemical thermodynamical relationship that permits the calculation of the reduction potential of a reaction (half-cell or full cell reaction) from the standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often approximated by concentrations) of the chemical species undergoing ...
A unit fraction is a common fraction with a numerator of 1 (e.g., 1 / 7 ). Unit fractions can also be expressed using negative exponents, as in 2 −1, which represents 1/2, and 2 −2, which represents 1/(2 2) or 1/4. A dyadic fraction is a common fraction in which the denominator is a power of two, e.g. 1 / 8 = 1 / 2 3 .
In fluid dynamics, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of drag experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing fluid. The equation is: where. is the drag coefficient – a dimensionless coefficient related to the object's geometry and taking into account both skin friction and form drag.
The basis of the Falkner-Skan approach are the Prandtl boundary layer equations. Ludwig Prandtl [2] simplified the equations for fluid flowing along a wall (wedge) by dividing the flow into two areas: one close to the wall dominated by viscosity, and one outside this near-wall boundary layer region where viscosity can be neglected without significant effects on the solution.
The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is a simplified 1+1-dimensional form of the Ginzburg–Landau equation introduced in 1950 in their work on superconductivity, and was written down explicitly by R. Y. Chiao, E. Garmire, and C. H. Townes (1964, equation (5)) in their study of optical beams.