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Topsoil is composed of mineral particles and organic matter and usually extends to a depth of 5-10 inches (13–25 cm). Together these make a substrate capable of holding water and air which encourages biological activity. There are generally a high concentration of roots in topsoil since this is where plants obtain most of their vital nutrients.
Compost is a mixture of ingredients used as plant fertilizer and to improve soil 's physical, chemical, and biological properties. It is commonly prepared by decomposing plant and food waste, recycling organic materials, and manure. The resulting mixture is rich in plant nutrients and beneficial organisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, nematodes ...
Hardpan. In soil science, agriculture and gardening, hardpan or soil pan is a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer. [1] There are different types of hardpan, all sharing the general characteristic of being a distinct soil layer that is largely impervious to water. Some hardpans are formed by deposits in the soil ...
Soil compaction, also known as soil structure degradation, is the increase of bulk density or decrease in porosity of soil due to externally or internally applied loads. [ 1] Compaction can adversely affect nearly all physical, chemical and biological properties and functions of soil. [ 2] Together with soil erosion, it is regarded as the ...
Chernozem (from Russian: чернозём, romanized: chernozyom, IPA: [tɕɪrnɐˈzʲɵm]; "black ground"), [1][2] also called black soil, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus [3] (4% to 16%) and high percentages of phosphorus and ammonia compounds. [4] Chernozem is very fertile soil ...
Salt and Pepper Shakers. Liudmila Chernetska. Small knickknacks, like salt and pepper shakers, can be cute, but thrifting experts recommend against buying them at garage sales. "Vintage salt and ...
Organic matter. A sapric is a subtype of a histosol [1] where virtually all of the organic material has undergone sufficient decomposition to prevent the identification of plant parts. [2][3] Muck is a sapric soil that is naturally waterlogged or is artificially drained.
Image credits: poontato To learn more about making easy money, we reached out to Tom Allingham, personal finance expert at Save the Student, who was kind enough to have a chat with Bored Panda ...