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Post-mastectomy pain syndrome is a chronic neuropathic pain that usually manifests as continuous pain in the arm, axilla, chest wall, and breast region. [3] Pain is most likely to start after surgery, [3] although adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, may sometimes cause new symptoms to appear. [4]
Breast and trunk lymphedema can also occur but go unrecognised as there is swelling in the area after surgery, and its symptoms (peau d'orange and an inverted nipple) can be confused with post surgery fat necrosis. [16] Between 38 and 89% of breast cancer patients have lymphedema due to axillary lymph node dissection or radiation.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Seroma is the most common surgical complication after breast surgery. It is due to the presence of rich lymphatic system in the breast, low fibrinogen levels in lymph fluid and potential space creation in the breast after surgery, which contributes to seroma formation. Seroma is more common in older and obese people. [7]
A lumpectomy is a surgery to remove a breast tumor along with a resection margin of normal breast tissue. The margin is the healthy, noncancerous tissue that is next to the tumor. A pathologist analyzes the margin excised by the lumpectomy to detect any possible cancer cells.
The Office alum shared on Oct. 8 that she was diagnosed with stage I triple-positive breast cancer on Dec. 1, 2023, and over the past few months, underwent a lumpectomy, chemotherapy and radiation ...
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