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  2. Electronegativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

    Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. [1] An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the ...

  3. Electronegativities of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the...

    Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set. Many of the highly radioactive elements have values that must be predictions or extrapolations, but are unfortunately not marked as such.

  4. Template : Periodic table (electronegativity by Pauling scale)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Periodic_table...

    See also: Electronegativities of the elements (data page) There are no reliable sources for Pm, Eu and Yb other than the range of 1.1–1.2; see Pauling, Linus (1960).

  5. Bond valence method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_valence_method

    The bond valence method is a development of Pauling's rules. In 1930, Lawrence Bragg [11] showed that Pauling's electrostatic valence rule could be represented by electrostatic lines of force emanating from cations in proportion to the cation charge and ending on anions. The lines of force are divided equally between the bonds to the corners of ...

  6. Template:Periodic table (electronegativity by Pauling scale ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Periodic_table...

    Periodic table of electronegativity by Pauling scale. → Atomic radius decreases → Ionization energy increases → Electronegativity increases ...

  7. Pauling's principle of electroneutrality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauling's_principle_of...

    There are two possible structures for hydrogen cyanide, HCN and CNH, differing only as to the position of the hydrogen atom. The structure with hydrogen attached to nitrogen, CNH, leads to formal charges of -1 on carbon and +1 on nitrogen, which would be partially compensated for by the electronegativity of nitrogen and Pauling calculated the net charges on H, N and C as -0.79, +0.75 and +0.04 ...

  8. Oxidation state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state

    Most electronegativity scales depend on the atom's bonding state, which makes the assignment of the oxidation state a somewhat circular argument. For example, some scales may turn out unusual oxidation states, such as −6 for platinum in PtH 2− 4 , for Pauling and Mulliken scales. [ 7 ]

  9. Arsenic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic

    Arsenic is a notoriously toxic heavy metal. It occurs naturally in many minerals , usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal . It has various allotropes , but only the grey form, which has a metallic appearance, is important to industry.