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Despite the high morbidity and mortality rates that resulted from the epidemic, the Spanish flu began to fade from public awareness over the decades until the arrival of news about bird flu and other pandemics in the 1990s and 2000s. [320] [321] This has led some historians to label the Spanish flu a "forgotten pandemic". [177]
The Influenza A virus subtypes that have been confirmed in humans, ordered by the number of known human pandemic deaths, are: [citation needed] H1N1 caused Spanish flu, 1977 Russian flu, and the 2009 swine flu pandemic ; H2N2 caused Asian flu; H3N2 caused Hong Kong flu; H5N1 is bird flu, endemic in avians; H7N7 has unusual zoonotic potential
Recent research of Taubenberger et al. has suggested that the 1918 virus, like H5N1, could have arisen directly from an avian influenza virus. [19] However, researchers at University of Virginia and Australian National University have suggested that there may be an alternative interpretation of the data used in the Taubenberger et al. paper.
The findings are based on the analysis of samples collected in Europe during the 1918 pandemic.
Influenza viruses: You’re likely familiar with the seasonal flu, but in the last century there have also been four influenza pandemics: the infamous Spanish Flu pandemic in 1918, the H2N2 flu ...
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However, other hosts appear capable of similar coinfection (e.g., many poultry species), and direct transmission of avian viruses to humans is possible. H1N1 may have been transmitted directly from birds to humans (Belshe 2005). [19] The Hong Kong flu strain shared internal genes and the neuraminidase with the 1957 Asian flu (H2N2).
Influenza A viruses are further classified, based on the viral surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA or H) and neuraminidase (NA or N). 18 HA subtypes (or serotypes) and 11 NA subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated in nature. Among these, the HA subtype 1-16 and NA subtype 1-9 are found in wild waterfowl and shorebirds and the HA ...