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Simon's most important mentor was Henry Schultz, an econometrician and mathematical economist. [1] Simon received both his B.A. (1936) and his Ph.D. (1943) in political science from the University of Chicago, where he studied under Harold Lasswell, Nicolas Rashevsky, Rudolf Carnap, Henry Schultz, and Charles Edward Merriam. [21]
Newell and Simon carried out psychological experiments that showed that, for difficult problems in logic, planning, or any kind of "puzzle solving", people carefully proceeded step-by-step, considering several different possible ways forward, selected the most promising one, backing up when the possibility hit a dead end. Each possible solution ...
Logic Theorist is a computer program written in 1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Cliff Shaw. [1] It was the first program deliberately engineered to perform automated reasoning, and has been described as "the first artificial intelligence program".
Unified Theories of Cognition is a 1990 book by Allen Newell. [1] Newell argues for the need of a set of general assumptions for cognitive models that account for all of cognition: a unified theory of cognition, or cognitive architecture.
Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 – July 19, 1992) was an American researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND Corporation and at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science, Tepper School of Business, and Department of Psychology.
The Sciences of the Artificial (1969) by Herbert A. Simon. Human Problem Solving (1972) by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon. Bayesian Analysis and Uncertainty in Economic Theory (1987) by Richard M. Cyert and Morris H. DeGroot. Models of Business Cycles (1987) by Robert E. Lucas, jr. Decisions and Organizations (1989) by James G. March.
Herbert Simon and Allen Newell studied human problem-solving skills and attempted to formalize them, and their work laid the foundations of the field of artificial intelligence, as well as cognitive science, operations research and management science.
The MEA technique as a problem-solving strategy was first introduced in 1961 by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon in their computer problem-solving program General Problem Solver (GPS). [3] [4] In that implementation, the correspondence between differences and actions, also called operators, is provided a priori as knowledge in the system.