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  2. Physical symbol system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_symbol_system

    Newell and Simon carried out psychological experiments that showed that, for difficult problems in logic, planning, or any kind of "puzzle solving", people carefully proceeded step-by-step, considering several different possible ways forward, selected the most promising one, backing up when the possibility hit a dead end. Each possible solution ...

  3. Logic Theorist - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_Theorist

    Logic Theorist is a computer program written in 1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Cliff Shaw. [1] It was the first program deliberately engineered to perform automated reasoning, and has been described as "the first artificial intelligence program".

  4. Unified Theories of Cognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Theories_of_Cognition

    Memory, learning, skill; Perception, motor behavior; Language; Motivation, emotion; Imagining, dreaming, daydreaming; After arguing in favor of the development of unified theories of cognition, Newell puts forward a list of constraints to any unified theory, in that a theory should explain how a mind does the following:

  5. Herbert A. Simon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon

    Simon was a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence, creating with Allen Newell the Logic Theory Machine (1956) and the General Problem Solver (GPS) (1957) programs. GPS may possibly be the first method developed for separating problem solving strategy from information about particular problems.

  6. Soar (cognitive architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soar_(cognitive_architecture)

    Soar [1] is a cognitive architecture, [2] originally created by John Laird, Allen Newell, and Paul Rosenbloom at Carnegie Mellon University.. The goal of the Soar project is to develop the fixed computational building blocks necessary for general intelligent agents – agents that can perform a wide range of tasks and encode, use, and learn all types of knowledge to realize the full range of ...

  7. Allen Newell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Newell

    Newell's work culminated in the development of a cognitive architecture known as Soar and his unified theory of cognition, published in 1990, but their improvement was the objective of his efforts up to his death (one of the last Newell's letters Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine). The field of cognitive architectures, that he ...

  8. General Problem Solver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Problem_Solver

    It was based on Simon and Newell's theoretical work on logic machines. GPS was the first computer program that separated its knowledge of problems (rules represented as input data) from its strategy of how to solve problems (a generic solver engine). GPS was implemented in the third-order programming language, IPL. [2]

  9. Philosophy of artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_artificial...

    The Dartmouth proposal: "Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it." [7] Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon's physical symbol system hypothesis: "A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means of general intelligent action." [8]