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  2. Logic Theorist - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_Theorist

    Logic Theorist is a computer program written in 1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Cliff Shaw. [1] It was the first program deliberately engineered to perform automated reasoning, and has been described as "the first artificial intelligence program".

  3. Physical symbol system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_symbol_system

    Newell and Simon carried out psychological experiments that showed that, for difficult problems in logic, planning, or any kind of "puzzle solving", people carefully proceeded step-by-step, considering several different possible ways forward, selected the most promising one, backing up when the possibility hit a dead end. Each possible solution ...

  4. Unified Theories of Cognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Theories_of_Cognition

    After arguing in favor of the development of unified theories of cognition, Newell puts forward a list of constraints to any unified theory, in that a theory should explain how a mind does the following: Behave flexibly as a function of the environment; Exhibit adaptive (rational, goal-oriented) behavior; Operate in real time

  5. Herbert A. Simon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon

    Simon was a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence, creating with Allen Newell the Logic Theory Machine (1956) and the General Problem Solver (GPS) (1957) programs. GPS may possibly be the first method developed for separating problem solving strategy from information about particular problems.

  6. Allen Newell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Newell

    Newell's work culminated in the development of a cognitive architecture known as Soar and his unified theory of cognition, published in 1990, but their improvement was the objective of his efforts up to his death (one of the last Newell's letters Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine). The field of cognitive architectures, that he ...

  7. Three levels of leadership model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_levels_of_leadership...

    In reviewing the older leadership theories, Scouller highlighted certain limitations in relation to the development of a leader's skill and effectiveness: [3] Trait theory: As Stogdill (1948) [4] and Buchanan & Huczynski (1997) had previously pointed out, this approach has failed to develop a universally agreed list of leadership qualities and "successful leaders seem to defy classification ...

  8. Carnegie School - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_School

    The Sciences of the Artificial (1969) by Herbert A. Simon. Human Problem Solving (1972) by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon. Bayesian Analysis and Uncertainty in Economic Theory (1987) by Richard M. Cyert and Morris H. DeGroot. Models of Business Cycles (1987) by Robert E. Lucas, jr. Decisions and Organizations (1989) by James G. March.

  9. Soar (cognitive architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soar_(cognitive_architecture)

    Soar [1] is a cognitive architecture, [2] originally created by John Laird, Allen Newell, and Paul Rosenbloom at Carnegie Mellon University.. The goal of the Soar project is to develop the fixed computational building blocks necessary for general intelligent agents – agents that can perform a wide range of tasks and encode, use, and learn all types of knowledge to realize the full range of ...