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Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura (meaning "short tail" in Greek), which typically have a very short projecting tail-like abdomen, usually hidden entirely under the thorax. [a] They live in all the world's oceans, in freshwater, and on land. They are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton. They generally have five ...
The horseshoe crabs spend between one and three days away from the ocean before being returned. [71] As long as the gills stay moist, they can survive on land for four days. [71] Some scientists are skeptical that certain companies return their horseshoe crabs to the ocean at all, instead suspecting them of selling the horseshoe crabs as ...
The ocean floor is not all flat but has submarine ridges and deep ocean trenches known as the hadal zone. [6] For comparison, the pelagic zone is the descriptive term for the ecological region above the benthos, including the water column up to the surface. At the other end of the spectrum, benthos of the deep ocean includes the bottom levels ...
The crabs can travel up to 1.46 km (0.91 mi) in a day, and up to 4 km (2.5 mi) in total. [4] Only a few land crabs, including certain Geosesarma species, have direct development (the mother carries the eggs until they have become tiny, fully developed crabs), and these do not need access to water to breed.
Coconut crabs live alone in burrows and rock crevices, depending on the local terrain. They dig their own burrows in sand or loose soil. During the day, the animal stays hidden to reduce water loss from heat. The coconut crabs' burrows contain very fine yet strong fibres of the coconut husk which the animal uses as bedding. [43]
The tanners' diet consist mostly of other ocean bottom crustaceans, clams and worms. Bottomfish and humans are their main predators. Little is known about their social structure except that the sexes remain mostly separate except during mating season. [3] Tanner crabs are vulnerable to bitter crab disease. [4]
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The crabs go through five zoeal larval stages and one megalops stage before settling to the bottom in their first juvenile stage. [4] The free-swimming stages typically take three months to four months, [3] although in Alaska crabs may remain larvae for up to a year. [7] Sexual maturity is reached after about 12 molts or two years. [9]