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High levels of FSH indicate that the normal restricting feedback from the gonad is absent, leading to an unrestricted pituitary FSH production. FSH may contribute to postmenopausal osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. [19] If high FSH levels occur during the reproductive years, it is abnormal. Conditions with high FSH levels include:
In females, FSH insensitivity results in diminished development of ovarian follicles and granulosa cells and low to normal estrogen levels, elevated to very elevated gonadotropin levels, and low inhibin B levels, whereas males present with diminished Sertoli cell proliferation and moderately elevated FSH levels, normal to slightly elevated LH levels, normal testosterone levels, and reduced ...
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland (Figure 2). FSH secretion begins to rise in the last few days of the previous menstrual cycle, [3] and is the highest and most important during the first week of the follicular phase [4] (Figure 1).
The diagrams below take inter-cycle and inter-woman variability into account in displaying reference ranges for estradiol, progesterone, FSH and LH. Levels of estradiol (the main estrogen), progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone during the menstrual cycle. [88]
The most commonly used test to assess this ovarian reserve is the day 3 FSH test. [7] This blood test determines the level of FSH on cycle day 3. Cycle day 3 is chosen because at this time the estrogen level is expected to be low, a critical feature, as FSH levels are subject to a negative feedback.
If a uterus is present, LH and FSH levels are used to make a diagnosis. [13] Low levels of LH and FSH suggest delayed puberty or functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. [13] Elevated levels of FSH and LH suggest primary ovarian insufficiency, typically due to Turner syndrome. [13] Normal levels of FSH and LH can suggest an anatomical outflow ...
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FHA patients may display a combination of the following: FSH concentrations that are normal but lower than LH levels, low or low normal LH, E2 <50 pg/mL, and progesterone <1 ng/mL. [6] LH and FSH are often normal in FHA patients. [9]