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In geology, strike and dip is a measurement convention used to describe the plane orientation or attitude of a planar geologic feature. A feature's strike is the azimuth of an imagined horizontal line across the plane, and its dip is the angle of inclination (or depression angle ) measured downward from horizontal. [ 1 ]
Stereographic projection is a method for analyzing the nature and orientation of deformation stresses, lithological units and penetrative fabrics wherein linear and planar features (structural strike and dip readings, typically taken using a compass clinometer) passing through an imagined sphere are plotted on a two-dimensional grid projection ...
Classic geological compass (Brunton), sideview Classic geological compass (Brunton), topview. There are a number of different specialized magnetic compasses used by geologists to measure orientation of geological structures, as they map in the field, to analyze and document the geometry of bedding planes, joints, and/or metamorphic foliations and lineations.
A dip slope is a topographic (geomorphic) surface which slopes in the same direction, and often by the same amount, as the true dip or apparent dip of the underlying strata. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A dip slope consists of the upper surface of a resistant layer of rock, often called caprock , that is commonly only slightly lowered and reduced in steepness ...
Homocline near Lulworth Cove, England Diagram of a homocline Homocline in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. In structural geology, a homocline or homoclinal structure (from old Greek: homo = same, cline = inclination), is a geological structure in which the layers of a sequence of rock strata, either sedimentary or igneous, dip uniformly in a single direction having the same general inclination in ...
Horst and graben are formed when normal faults of opposite dip occur in pairs with parallel strike, and are always formed together. Each feature can range in size from a few centimeters up to tens of kilometers, and the vertical displacement can be up to several thousand meters.
Geological structure measurement by LiDAR technology is a remote sensing method applied in structural geology. It enables monitoring and characterisation of rock bodies. [ 1 ] This method's typical use is to acquire high resolution structural and deformational data for identifying geological hazards risk, such as assessing rockfall risks or ...
A thrust fault with southward dip and northward vergence. In structural geology, vergence refers to the direction of the overturned component of an asymmetric fold. [1] In simpler terms, vergence can be described as the horizontal direction in which the upper component of rotation is directed. [2]