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Lava fountains can occur in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province roughly every 100 years. [10] Level Mountain, the largest volcano of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province. The large brown area in the middle is a dissected stratovolcano and the surrounding light brown is the broad shield volcano comprising a lava plateau.
The Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province has been a zone of active volcanism since it began to form 20 million years ago. Unlike other parts of the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province has its origins in continental rifting—an area where the Earth's crust and lithosphere is being pulled apart. [4]
Tseax Cone is one of the southernmost volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province. [10] This is a broad area of shield volcanoes , lava domes , cinder cones and stratovolcanoes extending from northwestern British Columbia northwards through Yukon into easternmost Alaska . [ 27 ]
The eruption rate of the MEVC has varied throughout its long volcanic history. When the volcanic complex started erupting at least 7.4 million years ago, it increased the rate of magmatism in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province from 100,000 to 300,000 cubic metres (3,500,000 to 10,600,000 cubic feet) per year.
Over half of the Northern Cordilleran volcanoes are located in northwestern British Columbia. This portion is where the most recent eruptions in Canada and of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province have occurred, including the catastrophic 18th century eruption of Tseax Cone and the 1904 eruption of The Volcano. [3] [16]
Volcanic history of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province; A. Alligator Lake volcanic complex; Anderson Bay; Ash Mountain (British Columbia) Atlin Volcanic Field; B.
These rocks were deposited by volcanic eruptions from 20 million years ago to as recently as a few hundred years ago. The cause of volcanic activity in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province is thought to be due to rifting of the North American Cordillera driven by changes in relative plate motion between the North American and Pacific ...
It is the second largest persistent eruptive center within the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province and is flanked with numerous young satellite cones, including the young, well-preserved Eve Cone. There are some indications that Level Mountain and Mount Edziza volcanic complex may be between 11 and 9 million years old.