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Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a general method for measuring the spectral phase of ultrashort laser pulses, which range from subfemtosecond to about a nanosecond in length. Invented in 1991 by Rick Trebino and Daniel J. Kane, FROG was the first technique to solve this problem, which is difficult because, ordinarily, to measure an ...
Schematic for blind FROG implemented in polarization-gate (PG) geometry. If Pulse #2 is equal to Pulse #1, this is the PG FROG beam geometry, and if Pulse #2 is known, this is the PG XFROG beam geometry. Double-blind frequency-resolved optical gating (double-blind FROG) is a method for simultaneously measuring two unknown ultrashort laser pulses.
GRENOUILLE is a simple device based on the SHG FROG, replacing the beam splitter, delay line and beam recombination components of the autocorrelator with a prism, and replacing the spectrometer and thin SHG crystal combination with a thick SHG crystal. The effect of these replacements is to eliminate all sensitive alignment parameters while ...
[74] [75] In 2021, the red-light sensitive ChR ChrimsonR was virally delivered to the eyes of a human patient suffering from retinal degeneration (retinitis pigmentosa), leading to partial recovery of his vision. [76] [77] Optical cochlear implants have been shown to work well in animal experiments and are currently undergoing clinical trials.
Zhuo-Hua Pan of Wayne State University, researching on restore sight to blindness, tried channelrhodopsin out in ganglion cells—the neurons in human eyes that connect directly to the brain. Pan's first observation of optical activation of retinal neurons with channelrhodopsin was in February 2004 according to Pan, [ 32 ] five months before ...
An optical system with astigmatism is one where rays that propagate in two perpendicular planes have different foci. If an optical system with astigmatism is used to form an image of a cross , the vertical and horizontal lines will be in sharp focus at two different distances.
Cuban tree frogs will grow to the size of a human hand, eat other frogs and now are in Georgia. Gannett. Erica Van Buren, Augusta Chronicle. January 2, 2024 at 4:01 AM.
The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes. As a conscious sense organ, the eye allows vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors. [3]