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Medieval Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries), and mostly written in the Arabic language. These developments mostly took place in the Middle East, Central Asia, Al-Andalus, and North Africa, and later in the Far East and India.
In the history of astronomy, Islamic astronomy or Arabic astronomy refers to the developments made by Islamic astronomers. Islamic astronomy parallels that of other Islamic sciences in its assimilation of known works and development of these works.
The Tusi couple, a mathematical device invented by the Persian polymath Nasir al-Din Tusi to model the not perfectly circular motions of the planets. Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids and the Buyids in ...
Middle Eastern drinks later became popular in medieval Europe, where the word "syrup" was derived from Arabic. [43] Sine quadrant: A type of quadrant used by medieval Arabic astronomers, it was described by Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī in 9th century Baghdad. [44]
Islamic scientific achievements encompassed a wide range of subject areas, especially medicine, mathematics, astronomy, agriculture as well as physics, economics, engineering and optics.
During this period, Islamic theology was encouraging of thinkers to find knowledge. [2] Thinkers from this period included Al-Farabi, Abu Bishr Matta, Ibn Sina, al-Hassan Ibn al-Haytham and Ibn Bajjah. [3] These works and the important commentaries on them were the wellspring of science during the medieval period.
Al-Battānī is considered to be the greatest [10] [11] [12] and most famous of the known astronomers of the medieval Islamic world. He made more accurate observations of the night sky than any of his contemporaries, [ 3 ] and was the first of a generation of new Islamic astronomers that followed the founding of the House of Wisdom in the 8th ...
Medieval Islamic astrology and astronomy continued Hellenistic and Roman era traditions based on Ptolemy's Almagest.Centres of learning in medicine and astronomy/astrology were set up in Baghdad and Damascus, and the Caliph Al-Mansur of Baghdad established a major observatory and library in the city, making it the world's astronomical centre.