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Therapists outline the four different attachment styles—secure, anxious, avoidant, and fearful-avoidant—plus how to identify yours, cope, and change it.
Children develop different patterns of attachment based on experiences and interactions with their caregivers at a young age. Four different attachment classifications have been identified in children: secure attachment, anxious-ambivalent attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment, and disorganized attachment. Attachment theory has become the ...
"Attachment disorder" is an ambiguous term, which may refer to reactive attachment disorder or to the more problematic insecure attachment styles (although none of these are clinical disorders). It may also be used to refer to proposed new classification systems put forward by theorists in the field, [ 247 ] and is used within attachment ...
Theorists have proposed four types of attachment styles: [37] secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-resistant, [18] and disorganized. [37] Secure attachment is a healthy attachment between the infant and the caregiver. It is characterized by trust. Anxious-avoidant is an insecure attachment between an infant and a caregiver.
[1] [3] The term was coined and subsequently developed over the course of four decades, from the early 1940s to the late 1970s, by psychologist John Bowlby in his work on attachment theory. [4] The core of the term affectional bond , according to Bowlby, is the attraction one individual has for another individual.
This corresponds to a balance between the attachment system which serves the function of protection and the exploration system which facilitates learning. [4] The function of other attachment styles can be explained in terms of an imbalance of intimacy and independence, a preoccupation with one of these goals.
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Scores on the anxiety and avoidance scales can still be used to classify people into the four adult attachment styles. [66] [68] [69] The four styles of attachment defined in Bartholomew and Horowitz's model were based on thoughts about self and thoughts about partners. The anxiety scale in the ECR and ECR-R reflect thoughts about self.