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Chemical structure of tropane which forms the core of tropane alkaloids Chemical structure and phylogeny of tropane alkaloids. Displayed are 3 chemical compounds that occur as natural products in 5 plant species. Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic [3.2.1] alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical ...
Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound. It is mainly known for the other alkaloids derived from it, which include atropine and cocaine , among others. Tropane alkaloids occur in plants of the families Erythroxylaceae (including coca ) and Solanaceae (including mandrake , henbane , deadly nightshade , datura , potato , tomato ).
Atropine is a tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery. [6] It is typically given intravenously or by injection into a muscle. [6]
Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine or duboisine) is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid and plant toxin. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the family Solanaceae, including henbane, mandrake, angel's trumpets, jimsonweed, the sorcerers' tree, and Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade).
The least common ancestor had only one gene copy, while modern variants have a range of three to two present, which results in higher mutation rates for traits involved with these various alkaloids. [40] Use of tropane alkaloids, however, has had development spread out around many angiosperm families and evolutionary distances. Their presence ...
The nectar is used by bees to make honey that also contains tropane alkaloids. [45] The berries pose the greatest danger to children because they look attractive and have a somewhat sweet taste. [35] [46] [47] The root of the plant is generally the most toxic part, though this can vary from one specimen to another. [35] [42]
Tropine is a derivative of tropane containing a hydroxyl group at the third carbon. It is also called 3-tropanol. [4] It is a poisonous white hygroscopic crystalline powder. [3] It is a heterocyclic alcohol and an amine. [3] Tropine is a central building block of many chemicals active in the nervous system, including tropane alkaloids.
[42] [43] Scopolamine and hyoscyamine are the most widely used tropane alkaloids in pharmacology and medicine due to their effects on the parasympathetic nervous system. Atropine has a stimulant effect on the central nervous system and heart, whereas scopolamine has a sedative effect. These alkaloids cannot be substituted by any other class of ...