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Before modern sewers were invented, cesspools that collected human waste were the most widely used sanitation system. ... The first sewer systems in the United States ...
A Roman sewer tunnel in Cologne. Waste management has been a concern for human civilizations throughout history. The earliest known wastewater management system dates back to around 6500 BCE in present-day Syria, featuring sophisticated gutter systems and settling chambers.
Beginning around the 5th century BC, aediles, among their other functions, supervised the sanitary systems. They were also responsible for the efficiency of the drainage and sewage systems, the cleansing of the streets, prevention of foul smells, and general oversight of baths. In the first century AD, the Roman sewage system was very efficient.
Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (stormwater, meltwater, rainwater) using sewers. It encompasses components such as receiving drains , manholes , pumping stations , storm overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer .
A sanitary sewer is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to a sewage treatment plant or disposal. Sanitary sewers are a type of gravity sewer and are part of an overall system called a "sewage system" or sewerage .
Combined sewer systems were common when urban sewerage systems were first developed, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [ 3 ] This section is an excerpt from History of water supply and sanitation § Sewer systems .
Irrigation systems were invented five to seven thousand years ago as a means of supplying water to agriculture-based societies. Aqueducts and irrigation systems were among the first forms of wastewater engineering. As population centers became more dense, they were used to remove sewage from settlements.
The shape was crucial to ensuring water flowed freely and easily and enabled solid matters to be transported through the sewage system without blockages forming. In July 1848, ten years before London began its similar endeavours following the Great Stink , James Newlands' sewer construction programme began, and over the next 11 years 86 miles ...