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The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab annalists). [7]
This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2] [3] [4]
The influential standard Quran of Cairo ("1342 Cairo text" using the Islamic calendar) is the Quran that was used throughout almost all the Muslim world until the Saudi Quran of 1985. [citation needed] The Egyptian edition is based on the "Ḥafṣ" version ("qira'at") based on ʻAsim's recitation, the 8th-century recitation of Kufa.
For Hijri years since 1297 AH (1879/1881 CE), the Gregorian date of 1 Muharram, the first day of the year in the Islamic calendar, is given. The first Hijri year (AH 1) was retrospectively considered to have begun on the Julian calendar date 15 July 622 (known as the 'astronomical' or 'Thursday' epoch, Julian day 1,948,439) or 16 July 622 (the ...
A year in the Islamic lunar calendar consists of twelve lunar months and has only 354 or 355 days in its year. Consequently, its New Year's Day occurs ten days earlier each year relative to the Gregorian calendar. The year 2025 CE corresponds to the Islamic years AH 1446 – 1447; AH 1446 corresponds to 2024 – 2025 in the Common Era. [a]
619: April/May – Lifting of the boycott. Deaths of Abu Talib and Khadija, Year of Sorrow. 620: Visit to Taif, as well as Isra and Miraj. 622: 9 September – 20 September – Hijra—migration to Medina. First year of Islamic calendar. 623: January – Constitution of Medina. Establishment of the first Islamic state. 624: Battle of Badr.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
The early historian Ibn Ishaq and Tabari puts Ali Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law as the first male convert; Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari presents three candidates, and does not decide between them. [6] According to Hadith Ali was Muhammad's cousin and accepted Islam at the age of 11 making him the first male to accept Islam; Ibn Hisham & Ibn ...