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The climate of Mars has been a topic of scientific curiosity for ... The Spirit rover recorded a maximum daytime air temperature in the shade of 35 °C (308 K; 95 °F ...
The temperature of the Martian thermosphere increases with altitude and varies by season. The daytime temperature of the upper thermosphere ranges from 175 K (at aphelion) to 240 K (at perihelion) and can reach up to 390 K, [136] [137] but it is still significantly lower than the temperature of Earth's thermosphere.
Its temperature rises and falls rapidly at sunrise and sunset because Mars does not have Earth's thick atmosphere and oceans that soften such fluctuations. Consensus has recently been gained in the scientific community studying Mars to similarly define Martian local hours as 1/24th of a Mars day. [10] The analemma for Mars
The temperature variations between spring and summer are much less than the very sharp variations that occur within a single Martian sol (solar day). On a daily basis, temperatures peak at local solar noon and reach a minimum at local midnight. This is similar to the effect in Earth's deserts, only much more pronounced.
A surface atmospheric pressure of 4.1 to 7.0 millibars (410 to 700 Pa) and daytime temperatures of −100 °C (−148 °F) were estimated. No magnetic field [24] [25] or Martian radiation belts [26] or, again surprisingly, surface water [16] was detected. Bruce C. Murray used photographs from Mariner 4 to elucidate Mars' geologic history. [27]
[9] [26] There can be large temperature swings on Mars, for example at the equator it may reach 70 degrees F (20 degrees C) in the daytime but then go down to minus 100 degrees F (−73 C) at night. [27] Examples of Mars surface temperatures: [27] Average −80 degrees Fahrenheit (−60 degrees Celsius).
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A graph of Mars surface temperature data from a Mars surface probe (rover) There can be large temperature swings on Mars; for example, at the equator, daytime temperature may reach 21 °C (70 °F) in the Martian summer, and drop down to −73 °C (−100 °F) at night. [37]