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The word Fenian (/ ˈ f iː n i ə n /) served as an umbrella term for the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and their affiliate in the United States, the Fenian Brotherhood.They were secret political organisations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries dedicated to the establishment of an independent Irish Republic.
Vaccination and religion have interrelations of varying kinds. No major religion prohibits vaccinations , and some consider it an obligation because of the potential to save lives. [ 1 ] However, some people cite religious adherence [ 2 ] as a basis for opting to forego vaccinating themselves or their children . [ 3 ]
The Fenians in Context: Irish Politics and Society, 1848–82 (Wolfhound Press, 1985) D'Arcy, William. The Fenian Movement in the United States, 1858–86 (Catholic University of America Press, 1947) Jenkins, Brian. Fenians and Anglo-American Relations during Reconstruction (Cornell University Press, 1969).
In propagating republican principles, they felt, the organisation would create this virtual democracy within the country, which would form the basis of an independence movement. [ 31 ] The Fenians soon established themselves in Australia, South America, Canada and, above all, in the United States, as well as in the large cities of England, such ...
John O'Leary (23 July 1830 – 16 March 1907 [1]) was an Irish separatist and a leading Fenian.He studied both law and medicine but did not take a degree and for his involvement in the Irish Republican Brotherhood, he was imprisoned in England during the nineteenth century.
The close of the Civil War in the spring of 1865 gave a great impetus to the Fenians, owing to the number of Irish-American soldiers that were disbanded and anxious to see service elsewhere. Money poured into the Fenian exchequer; probably $500,000 was subscribed between 1860 and 1867. [ 5 ]
More than 12,000 military service members refusing the COVID-19 vaccine are seeking religious exemptions, and so far they are having zero success. Meanwhile, troops claiming religious reasons for ...
References to his early life, according to one of his biographers, Desmond Ryan, are obscure and limited to Stephens' own vague autobiographical recollections. [4] James Stephens was born at Lilac Cottage, Blackmill Street, Kilkenny, on 26 January 1825 and spent his childhood there. [5]