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  2. P versus NP problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_versus_NP_problem

    The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in theoretical computer science. Informally, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified can also be quickly solved. Here, quickly means an algorithm that solves the task and runs in polynomial time exists, meaning the task completion time varies as a polynomial ...

  3. Online public access catalog - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_public_access_catalog

    Online public access catalog. The online public access catalog ( OPAC ), now frequently synonymous with library catalog, is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Online catalogs have largely replaced the analog card catalogs previously used in libraries.

  4. History of PDF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_PDF

    History of PDF. The Portable Document Format (PDF) was created by Adobe Systems, introduced at the Windows and OS/2 Conference in January 1993 and remained a proprietary format until it was released as an open standard in 2008. Since then, it has been under the control of an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) committee of ...

  5. Elliptic-curve cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic-curve_cryptography

    Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields.ECC allows smaller keys to provide equivalent security, compared to cryptosystems based on modular exponentiation in Galois fields, such as the RSA cryptosystem and ElGamal cryptosystem.

  6. PDF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

    A PDF file is often a combination of vector graphics, text, and bitmap graphics. The basic types of content in a PDF are: Typeset text stored as content streams (i.e., not encoded in plain text ); Vector graphics for illustrations and designs that consist of shapes and lines;

  7. Zero-knowledge proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge_proof

    In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof or zero-knowledge protocol is a method by which one party (the prover) can prove to another party (the verifier) that some given statement is true, while avoiding conveying to the verifier any information beyond the mere fact of that statement's truth. [ 1] The intuition underlying zero-knowledge proofs ...

  8. Public-domain software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-domain_software

    The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark indicates works that are in the public domain. Public-domain software is software that has been placed in the public domain, in other words, software for which there is absolutely no ownership such as copyright, trademark, or patent. Software in the public domain can be modified, distributed, or sold even ...

  9. Open-source software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software

    [1] [2] Open-source software may be developed in a collaborative, public manner. Open-source software is a prominent example of open collaboration, meaning any capable user is able to participate online in development, making the number of possible contributors indefinite. The ability to examine the code facilitates public trust in the software ...