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This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals. There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B
Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including ( clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...
A rarer type, which comes from the Mogok area of Myanmar, features a vanadium chromophore, the same as is present in Verneuil synthetic color-change sapphire. Virtually all gemstones that show the "alexandrite effect" (color change or 'metamerism') show similar absorption/transmission features in the visible spectrum. This is an absorption band ...
A mixture of other minerals, often including pyrite. Lapis lazuli ( UK: / ˌlæpɪs ˈlæz ( j) ʊli, ˈlæʒʊ -, - ˌli /; US: / ˈlæz ( j) əli, ˈlæʒə -, - ˌli / ), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.
Logan Sapphire. Star of Bombay, given to Mary Pickford by Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. Star of India. Stuart Sapphire. Black Star of Queensland. Star of Adam, with a weight of 1,404.49 carats (280.898 g), it is the largest star sapphire in the world. Queen Marie of Romania Sapphire.
Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral variety.
The garnet family is one of the most complex in the gem world. It is not a single species, but is composed of multiple species and varieties. [ 54] It is the state mineral of Connecticut, [ 55] New York's gemstone, [ 56] and star garnet (garnet with rutile asterisms) is the state gemstone of Idaho. [ 57]
Corundum. Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide ( Al2O3) typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium. [ 3][ 4] It is a rock -forming mineral. It is a naturally transparent material, but can have different colors depending on the presence of transition metal impurities in its crystalline structure. [ 7]
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