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Anglo-Saxon runes or Anglo-Frisian runes are runes that were used by the Anglo-Saxons and Medieval Frisians (collectively called Anglo-Frisians) as an alphabet in their native writing system, recording both Old English and Old Frisian (Old English: rūna, ᚱᚢᚾᚪ, "rune").
The Old English Latin alphabet generally consisted of about 24 letters, and was used for writing Old English from the 8th to the 12th centuries. Of these letters, most were directly adopted from the Latin alphabet , two were modified Latin letters ( Æ , Ð ), and two developed from the runic alphabet ( Ƿ , Þ ).
A modified version of the letter wynn called vend was used briefly in Old Norse for the sounds /u/, /v/, and /w/. The rune may have been an original innovation, or it may have been adapted from the classical Latin alphabet 's P , [ 4 ] or Q , [ citation needed ] or from the Rhaetic's alphabet 's W . [ 5 ]
Thorn or þorn (Þ, þ) is a letter in the Old English, Old Norse, Old Swedish and modern Icelandic alphabets, as well as modern transliterations of the Gothic alphabet, Middle Scots, and some dialects of Middle English. It was also used in medieval Scandinavia but was later replaced with the digraph th, except in Iceland, where it survives.
The distinction made by Unicode between character and glyph variant is somewhat problematic in the case of the runes; the reason is the high degree of variation of letter shapes in historical inscriptions, with many "characters" appearing in highly variant shapes, and many specific shapes taking the role of a number of different characters over the period of runic use (roughly the 3rd to 14th ...
Esh (letter) – Character and IPA symbol (Ʃ, ʃ) Integral Symbol – Mathematical symbol used to denote integrals and antiderivatives; R rotunda – Variant of the Latin letter R (ꝛ) Long I – Letter variant; Sigma – Eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet (Σ) similarly has two lowercase forms, ς in word-final position and σ otherwise
Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, was an early form of English in medieval England. It is different from Early Modern English, the language of Shakespeare and the King James Bible, and from Middle English, the language of Geoffrey Chaucer. See Old English phonology for more detail on the sounds of Old English.
The definition of a Latin-script letter for this list is a character encoded in the Unicode Standard that has a script property of 'Latin' and the general category of 'Letter'. An overview of the distribution of Latin-script letters in Unicode is given in Latin script in Unicode .