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2. Amethyst - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst

   Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz (SiO. 2) and owes its violet color to irradiation, impurities of iron (Fe3+. ) and in some cases other transition metals, and the presence of other trace elements, which result in complex crystal lattice substitutions. [2][3][4] The irradiation causes the iron Fe3+.

3. Ruby - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby

   Ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. [3]

4. Gemstone Meanings: Power and Significance of the 25 Most ...

   www.aol.com/gemstone-meanings-power-significance...

   Citrine “A powerful gemstone crystal in a range of deep yellows, oranges, and yellow-cream-white, the citrine gemstone is said to bring abundance and wealth into one’s life,” Salzer says.

5. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

   This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals. There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B

6. Tanzanite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanite

   Pleochroism. Present, dichroism or trichroism, depending on heat treatment. Tanzanite is the blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite (a calcium aluminium hydroxyl sorosilicate), caused by small amounts of vanadium. [3] Tanzanite belongs to the epidote mineral group. Tanzanite is only found in Simanjiro District of Manyara Region in ...

7. Topaz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topaz

   Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2.It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]