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For functions in certain classes, the problem of determining: whether two functions are equal, known as the zero-equivalence problem (see Richardson's theorem); [5] the zeroes of a function; whether the indefinite integral of a function is also in the class. [6] Of course, some subclasses of these problems are decidable.
TPTP (Thousands of Problems for Theorem Provers) [1] is a freely available collection of problems for automated theorem proving. It is used to evaluate the efficacy of automated reasoning algorithms. [2] [3] [4] Problems are expressed in a simple text-based format for first order logic or higher-order logic. [5]
Richard Elliott Friedman argues that the Ten Commandments at Exodus 20:1–17 "does not appear to belong to any of the major sources. It is likely to be an independent document, which was inserted here by the Redactor." [168] In his view, the Covenant Code follows that version of the Ten Commandments in the northern Israel E narrative.
Millennium Prize Problems: 7: 6 [6] Clay Mathematics Institute: 2000 Simon problems: 15 <12 [7] [8] Barry Simon: 2000 Unsolved Problems on Mathematics for the 21st Century [9] 22-Jair Minoro Abe, Shotaro Tanaka: 2001 DARPA's math challenges [10] [11] 23-DARPA: 2007 Erdős's problems [12] >934: 617: Paul Erdős: Over six decades of Erdős ...
Weights of propositional variables are given in the input of the problem. The weight of an assignment is the sum of weights of true variables. That problem is NP-complete (see Th. 1 of [26]). Other generalizations include satisfiability for first- and second-order logic, constraint satisfaction problems, 0-1 integer programming.
The oldest known tablet inscribed with the Ten Commandments from the Old Testament sold on Wednesday for $5.04 million, more than double its high estimate.. The stone, which dates back around ...
The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever is a logic puzzle so called by American philosopher and logician George Boolos and published in The Harvard Review of Philosophy in 1996. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Boolos' article includes multiple ways of solving the problem.
The Ages of Three Children puzzle (sometimes referred to as the Census-Taker Problem [1]) is a logical puzzle in number theory which on first inspection seems to have insufficient information to solve. However, with closer examination and persistence by the solver, the question reveals its hidden mathematical clues, especially when the solver ...