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Rhodes’ Risk Environment Framework explains substance use harms as results of reciprocal relationships between human behavior and predominantly four environmental aspects: Physical (e.g. locations of use), Economical (e.g. health budget strains), Social (e.g. intergenerational trauma), and Political (eg. health care legislations).
Of these, 27 million have high-risk drug use—otherwise known as recurrent drug use—causing harm to their health, causing psychological problems, and or causing social problems that put them at risk of those dangers. [2] [3] In 2015, substance use disorders resulted in 307,400 deaths, up from 165,000 deaths in 1990.
Physical harm Dependence Social harm Drug Mean Physical harm [1] Acute harm Chronic harm Intravenous harm Mean Dependence Pleasure Psychological Physical Mean Social harm Intoxication Social harm Health-care costs; Heroin: 2.78 2.8 2.5 3.0 3.00 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.54 1.6 3.0 3.0 Cocaine: 2.33 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.39 3.0 2.8 1.3 2.17 1.8 2.5 2.3 Barbiturates ...
Additionally, genetics play a role on individual traits, which may put one at increased risk for experimentation with drugs, continued use of drugs, addictions, and potential for relapse. Some of these individual personality traits, such as impulsivity , reward-seeking, and response to stress, may lead to increased vulnerability to addiction.
[104] [34] The brain disease model of addiction posits that an individual's exposure to an addictive drug is the most significant environmental risk factor for addiction. [105] Many researchers, including neuroscientists, indicate that the brain disease model presents a misleading, incomplete, and potentially detrimental explanation of addiction.
The "set" and "setting" are critical to avoid a "bad trip"Set and setting, when referring to a psychedelic drug experience or the use of other psychoactive substances, means one's mindset (shortened to "set") and the physical and social environment (the "setting") in which the user has the experience. [1]
Last fall, members of the FDA’s Controlled Substance Staff wrote in the documents that the agency recommended rescheduling marijuana because it meets three criteria: a lower potential for abuse ...
Drug use disorder: A variety of drugs and drug paraphernalia: Specialty: Psychiatry, clinical psychology: Symptoms: Excessive use of drugs despite adverse consequences: Complications: Drug overdose; [1] general negative long-term effects on mental and physical health; acquiring infectious diseases; [2] in some cases criminal behaviour [3] Risk ...