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"Substance use pertains to using select substances such as alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, etc. that can cause dependence or harmful side effects."On the other hand, substance abuse is the use of drugs such as prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, or alcohol for purposes other than what they are intended for or using them in excessive ...
Rhodes’ Risk Environment Framework explains substance use harms as results of reciprocal relationships between human behavior and predominantly four environmental aspects: Physical (e.g. locations of use), Economical (e.g. health budget strains), Social (e.g. intergenerational trauma), and Political (eg. health care legislations).
In Sweden, industry together with universities and the health care sector has developed a method for environmental risk assessment and environmental classification of drugs. [6] [7] Environmental risk refers to the risk of toxicity to the aquatic environment. It is based on the ratio between predicted environmental concentration of the ...
Of these, 27 million have high-risk drug use—otherwise known as recurrent drug use—causing harm to their health, causing psychological problems, and or causing social problems that put them at risk of those dangers. [2] [3] In 2015, substance use disorders resulted in 307,400 deaths, up from 165,000 deaths in 1990.
Mental health as a risk factor for alcohol dependence or abuse William Hogarth's Gin Lane, 1751. A complex combination of genetic and environmental factors influences the risk of the development of alcoholism. [81] Genes that influence the metabolism of alcohol also influence the risk of alcoholism, as can a family history of alcoholism. [82]
Additionally, genetics play a role on individual traits, which may put one at increased risk for experimentation with drugs, continued use of drugs, addictions, and potential for relapse. Some of these individual personality traits, such as impulsivity , reward-seeking, and response to stress, may lead to increased vulnerability to addiction.
[citation needed] Due to this relatively new field of science, researchers are continuously developing and understanding the impacts of pharmaceuticals in the environment and its risk on human and animal exposure. Environmental risk assessment is a regulatory requirement in the launch of any new drug.
Fish behavior on antidepressants have been noted to have similar impacts and reducing risk-averse behavior, and thereby reducing survival through predation. [2] [3] Other sources include agricultural runoff (because of antibiotic use in livestock) and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Drug pollution is implicated in the sex effects of water pollution.