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An intraarticular fracture is a bone fracture in which the break crosses into the surface of a joint. This always results in damage to the cartilage . [ 1 ] Compared to extraarticular fractures , intraarticular have a higher risk for developing long-term complications, such as posttraumatic osteoarthritis .
For example, a sudden contraction of the quadriceps muscle in the knee can pull apart the patella. [1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmed with X-rays. [3] In children an MRI may be required. [3] Treatment may be with or without surgery, depending on the type of fracture. [2] Undisplaced fracture can usually be treated by casting. [2]
This complex is the major stabilizer of the medial knee. Injuries to the medial side of the knee are most commonly isolated to these ligaments. [1] [3] A thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the medial knee structures, along with a detailed history and physical exam, are imperative to diagnosing and treating these injuries.
Articular cartilage does not usually regenerate (the process of repair by formation of the same type of tissue) after injury or disease leading to loss of tissue and formation of a defect. This fact was first described by William Hunter in 1743. [1] Several surgical techniques have been developed in the effort to repair articular cartilage defects.
The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or "kneecap", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides; and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the lower ...
In February 2008, Saris et al. published a large-scale study claiming that CCI results in better structural repair for symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee than microfracture surgery. According to the study, one year after treatment, the regenerated tissue associated with CCI is of better quality than that of microfracture surgery.
By doing this, the subchondral bone is perforated to generate a blood clot within the defect. Studies, however, have shown that marrow stimulation techniques often have insufficiently filled the chondral defect and the repair material is often fibrocartilage (which is not as good mechanically as hyaline cartilage). The blood clot takes about 8 ...
The knee anatomy provides insight into predicting why certain fracture patterns occur more often than others. The medial plateau is larger and significantly stronger than the lateral plateau. Also, there is a natural valgus or outward angulation alignment to the limb which coupled with the often valgus or outwardly angulating force on impact ...