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Recumbent folds have horizontal or nearly horizontal axial planes. When the axis of the fold plunges into the ground, the fold is called a plunging fold. Folds are classified into five categories: anticline, syncline, monocline, dome, and basin.
A recumbent fold has an essentially horizontal axial plane. When the two limbs of a fold are essentially parallel to each other and thus approximately parallel to the axial plane, the fold is called isoclinal.
A recumbent fold has an essentially horizontal axial plane. When the two limbs of a fold are essentially parallel to each other and thus approximately parallel to the axial plane, the fold is called isoclinal.
Recumbent folds (which were first described by Van der Linth (1841) in the Glaurus Alps) are found on all scales from microfolds to folds with amplitudes up to tens of kilometers. Where a recumbent fold has an overturned limb exceeding 5 km in length, it is termed a fold nappe.
A recumbent fold is a fold in which the axial plane is essentially horizontal, meaning that the two limbs of the fold are parallel to the ground. Recumbent folds are often isoclinal, meaning that the limbs of the fold are also parallel to each other.
It is possible for rocks to be folded so tightly that the fold limbs are nearly parallel. Folds with parallel limbs are called isoclinal folds. A recumbent fold is an isoclinal fold that has been overturned to the extent that the limbs are horizontal (Figure 13.13).
A very tight fold, in which the limbs are parallel or nearly parallel to one another is called an isoclinal fold (Figure 12.6). Isoclinal folds that have been overturned to the extent that their limbs are nearly horizontal are called recumbent folds .
Recumbent folds hold significant geological value as they often indicate episodes of intense compressional forces within the Earth's crust. Their presence can reveal insights into past tectonic activity, particularly during mountain-building events known as orogenies.
Recumbent folds usually develop in the internal zones or the internal/external transitional zones of orogenic belts, i.e., in a compressional tectonic regime (e.g. Hatcher, 1981, Ramsay, 1981, Dietrich and Casey, 1989, Simancas et al., 2004, Fernández et al., 2007, Ryan and Dewey, 2011).
According to Geikie (1905, p. 137), “Recumbent fold is the name given to a flexure, the axial plane of which approaches horizontality”. A similar definition was given by Leith (1913, p. 105) and Ries and Watson (1914, p. 154), and this is consistent with current usage by most authors.