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2. Chert - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chert

   Chert varies greatly in color, from white to black, but is most often found as gray, brown, grayish brown and light green to rusty red [9] [10] and occasionally as dark green. [11] Its color is an expression of trace elements present in the rock. Both red and green are most often related to traces of iron in its oxidized and reduced forms ...

3. Schist - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schist

   Schistosity is a thin layering of the rock produced by metamorphism (a foliation) that permits the rock to easily be split into flakes or slabs less than 5 to 10 millimeters (0.2 to 0.4 in) thick. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The mineral grains in a schist are typically from 0.25 to 2 millimeters (0.01 to 0.08 in) in size [ 6 ] and so are easily seen with a 10 ...

4. Quartz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz

   Quartz is, therefore, classified structurally as a framework silicate mineral and compositionally as an oxide mineral. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust, behind feldspar. [10] Quartz exists in two forms, the normal α-quartz and the high-temperature β-quartz, both of which are chiral. The transformation ...

5. Flint - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint

   Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, [1][2] categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Historically, flint was widely used to make stone tools and start fires. Flint occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones ...

6. Chalcedony - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcedony

   Chalcedony. Chalcedony (/ kælˈsɛdəni / kal-SED-ə-nee, or / ˈkælsəˌdoʊni / KAL-sə-doh-nee) [2] is a cryptocrystalline form of silica, composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite. [3] These are both silica minerals, but they differ in that quartz has a trigonal crystal structure, while moganite is monoclinic.

7. Smoky quartz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoky_quartz

   Smoky quartz. Smoky quartz is a brownish grey, translucent variety of quartz that ranges in clarity from almost complete transparency to an almost-opaque brownish-gray or black crystals. [6] The color of smoky quartz is produced when natural radiation, emitted from the surrounding rock, activates color centers around aluminum impurities within ...