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The French rhotic has a wide range of realizations: the voiced uvular fricative [ʁ], also realised as an approximant [ʁ̞], with a voiceless positional allophone [χ], the uvular trill [ʀ], the alveolar trill [r], and the alveolar tap [ɾ]. These are all recognised as the phoneme /r/, [5] but [r] and [ɾ] are considered dialectal.
The voiced uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʀ , a small capital version of the Latin letter r .
The voiced uvular approximant is also found interchangeably with the fricative, and may also be transcribed as ʁ . Because the IPA symbol stands for the uvular fricative, the approximant may be specified by adding the downtack : ʁ̞ , though some writings [ 1 ] use a superscript ʶ , which is not an official IPA practice.
Most other dialects use a voiced uvular fricative , a uvular trill or an alveolar trill . See Standard German phonology. Silesian: Upper Lusatian: Greek [12] μέρα méra [ˈmɛɹɐ] 'day' Allophone of /ɾ/ in rapid or casual speech and between vowels. See Modern Greek phonology. Icelandic: bróðir [ˈprou̯ð̠˕ir] 'brother' Usually apical.
Unlike other uvular consonants, the uvular trill is articulated without a retraction of the tongue, and therefore doesn't lower neighboring high vowels the way uvular stops commonly do. Several other languages, including Inuktitut , Abkhaz , Uyghur and some varieties of Arabic , have a voiced uvular fricative but do not treat it as a rhotic ...
The voiceless uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is less common than its voiced counterpart . The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʀ̥ , a small capital version of the Latin letter r with a voiceless diacritic.
The r letter in French was historically pronounced as a trill, as was the case in Latin and as is still the case in Italian and Spanish. In Northern France, including Paris, the alveolar trill was gradually replaced with the uvular trill from the end of the 17th century. [2]
A partially devoiced uvular or pre-uvular (i.e. between velar and uvular) trill [ʀ̝̊] with some frication occurs as a coda allophone of /ʀ/ in the Limburgish dialects of Maastricht and Weert. [6] [7] Voiceless trills occur phonemically in e.g. Welsh and Icelandic. (See also voiceless alveolar trill, voiceless retroflex trill, voiceless ...