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The Songs of the South: An Anthology of Ancient Chinese Poems by Qu Yuan and Other Poets. Translated by Hawkes, David. Penguin. ISBN 9780140443752. Hopkins, L.C. (1920). "The Shaman or Wu 巫: A Study in Graphic Camouflage". The New China Review. 2 (5): 423– 439. Hopkins, L.C. (1945). "The Shaman or Chinese Wu: His Inspired Dancing and ...
During the late Zhou dynasty (1045-256 BCE) wu was used to specify "female shaman; sorceress" as opposed to xi 覡 "male shaman; sorcerer" (which first appears in the 4th century BCE Guoyu). Other sex-differentiated shaman names include nanwu 男巫 for "male shaman; sorcerer; wizard"; and nüwu 女巫 , wunü 巫女 , wupo 巫婆 , and wuyu ...
Over time shaman healers, who were mainly illiterate, were replaced by doctors and medical experts who were trusted for their education and literacy. [5] Eventually, Shamanism was mostly isolated to cults in south-eastern and south-western parts of Ming China. During the Ming dynasty, Confucianism was at the center of China's philosophy and ...
The Chinese classics of the Zhou dynasty, the Xunzi, the Records of the Grand Historian as well as others describe these figures as illustrious models for righteousness and virtue. Tang of Shang, as depicted by Ma Lin. Chinese tradition describes the first Shang king, Tang, as a religious and perspicacious figure in Chinese history. According ...
Ancient Chinese texts record that he wore a bearskin with four golden eyes, and carried a lance and shield to expel malevolent spirits. From the Han dynasty through the Tang dynasty (3rd century BCE to 10th century CE), fangxiangshi were official wu -shaman specialists in the imperially sanctioned Chinese state religion ; after the Tang, they ...
He is considered one of the main ancient Chinese astronomers alongside more historical figures such as Gan De and Shi Shen, the latter two of whom lived during the Warring States (403–221 BC). [1] He has also been represented as one of the "Three Astronomical Traditions" on the Dunhuang map which was made during the Tang dynasty (618–907).
1922: a shaman of the Itneg people renewing an offering to the spirit of a warrior's kalasag shield A performer depicting a shaman in a recent Babaylan Festival of Bago, Negros Occidental. Babaylans (also balian or katalonan, among many other indigenous names) were shamans of the various ethnic groups of the pre-colonial Philippine islands.
The shaman Queen Himiko is recorded in various ancient histories, dating back to 3rd-century China, 8th-century Japan, and 12th-century Korea. The "Book of Wei" (Wei Zhi, 魏志), part of the Records of the Three Kingdoms, c. 297. A pinghua (vernacular) version of the Sanguozhi, the history containing the first mention of Yamatai and Himiko.