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The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) as implemented by the Common Language Runtime (CLR), is implemented by the Mono executable. The runtime compiles and executes .NET applications. The common language infrastructure is defined by the ECMA standard. [27] To run an application, you must invoke the runtime with the relevant parameters.
The name LLVM originally stood for Low Level Virtual Machine, though the project has expanded and the name is no longer officially an initialism. LLVM is written in C++ and is designed for compile-time, link-time, runtime, and "idle-time" optimization.
During compilation of CLI programming languages, the source code is translated into CIL code rather than into platform- or processor-specific object code.CIL is a CPU- and platform-independent instruction set that can be executed in any environment supporting the Common Language Infrastructure, such as the .NET runtime on Windows, or the cross-platform Mono runtime.
The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is an open specification and technical standard originally developed by Microsoft and standardized by ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23271) and Ecma International (ECMA 335) [1] [2] that describes executable code and a runtime environment that allows multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms without being rewritten for specific ...
Therefore, a runtime library is always specific to the platform and compiler. The runtime library may implement a portion of the runtime environment's behavior, but if one reads the code of the calls available, they are typically only thin wrappers that simply package information, and send it to the runtime environment or operating system.
The proto-runtime toolkit was created to simplify the creation of parallel runtime systems. [ 3 ] In addition to execution model behavior, a runtime system may also perform support services such as type checking , debugging , or code generation and optimization .
Emscripten is an LLVM/Clang-based compiler that compiles C and C++ source code to WebAssembly, [4] primarily for execution in web browsers. Emscripten allows applications and libraries written in C or C++ to be compiled ahead of time and run efficiently in web browsers, typically at speeds comparable to or faster than interpreted or dynamically ...
Android Runtime (ART) BEAM (Erlang) Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Mono; CPython and PyPy; crt0 (C target-specific initializer) Java virtual machine (JVM) LuaJIT; Objective-C and Swift's; V8 and Node.js; Zend Engine (PHP) Notable compilers & toolchains; GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) LLVM and Clang; MSVC