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A myosin light chain is a light chain (small polypeptide subunit) of myosin. [1] Myosin light chains were discovered by Chinese biochemist Cao Tianqin (Tien-chin Tsao) when he was a graduate student at the University of Cambridge in England.
In smooth muscle, a single gene [20]) codes for the heavy chains myosin II, but splice variants of this gene result in four distinct isoforms. [19] It also contains 4 myosin light chains (MLC), resulting in 2 per head, weighing 20 (MLC 20) and 17 (MLC 17) kDa. [19] These bind the heavy chains in the "neck" region between the head and tail.
Myosin light chain pulls the actin stress fiber attached to the cadherin, resisting the force of the adjacent cell's cadherin. However, when the inward pulling force of the actin stress fiber becomes greater than the outward pulling force of the cell adhesion molecules due to an overactive MYLK, tissues can become slightly pulled apart and ...
Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC-2) also known as the regulatory light chain of myosin (RLC) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL2 gene. [5] [6] This cardiac ventricular RLC isoform is distinct from that expressed in skeletal muscle , smooth muscle and cardiac atrial muscle . [7]
Myosin essential light chain (ELC), ventricular/cardiac isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL3 gene. [5] [6] [7] This cardiac ventricular/slow skeletal ELC isoform is distinct from that expressed in fast skeletal muscle and cardiac atrial muscle ().
Atrial Light Chain-2 (ALC-2) also known as Myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL7 gene. [5] [6] ALC-2 expression is restricted to cardiac muscle atria in healthy individuals, where it functions to modulate cardiac development and contractility.
Myosin light chain 6B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL6B gene. [5] [6] [7] Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein.It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains.
Myosin is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene product , one of the regulatory light chains, is expressed in fetal muscle and in adult retina , cerebellum , and basal ganglia .