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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP [1] [2] or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP + is the ...
NADP is a reducing agent in anabolic reactions like the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses. NADP exists in two forms: NADP+, the oxidized form, and NADPH, the reduced form. NADP is similar to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), but NADP has a phosphate group at the C-2′ position of the adenosyl.
In fatty synthesis, the reducing agent is NADPH, whereas NAD is the oxidizing agent in beta-oxidation (the breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA). This difference exemplifies a general principle that NADPH is consumed during biosynthetic reactions, whereas NADH is generated in energy-yielding reactions. [7]
NADPH is used as a reducing agent in many anabolic reactions. Proton translocating NAD(P) + transhydrogenase is one of the main ways that cells can regenerate NADPH after it is used. In E. coli, this pathway contribute equal amounts of NADPH as the pentose phosphate pathway, and both were the main producers of NADPH under standard growth ...
Specifically, NADPH will act as a reducing agent in these reactions, resulting in NADP +. These are pathways that convert substrates to more complicated products, using ATP. The reasoning behind having two separate electron carriers for anabolic and catabolic pathways relates to regulation of metabolism. [7]
During fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis the reducing agent is NADPH. This difference exemplifies a general principle that NADPH is consumed during biosynthetic reactions, whereas NADH is generated in energy-yielding reactions. [50] The source of the NADPH is two-fold.
In enzymology, a NADPH dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction NADPH + H + + acceptor ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } NADP + + reduced acceptor The 3 substrates of this enzyme are NADPH , H + , and acceptor , whereas its two products are NADP + and reduced acceptor .
Two classes of CS are known, both of which require FMN, but are divided on their need for NADPH as a reducing agent. The proposed mechanism for CS involves radical species. The radical flavin species has not been detected spectroscopically without using a substrate analogue, which suggests that it is short-lived.