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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP [1] [2] or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP + is the ...
In rat liver, the total amount of NAD + and NADH is approximately 1 μmole per gram of wet weight, about 10 times the concentration of NADP + and NADPH in the same cells. [17] The actual concentration of NAD + in cell cytosol is harder to measure, with recent estimates in animal cells ranging around 0.3 mM , [ 18 ] [ 19 ] and approximately 1.0 ...
NADPH oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase) is a membrane-bound enzyme complex that faces the extracellular space. It can be found in the plasma membrane as well as in the membranes of phagosomes used by neutrophil white blood cells to engulf microorganisms.
The ratio of NADPH:NADP + is the primary mode of regulation for the enzyme and is normally about 100:1 in liver cytosol [citation needed]. This makes the cytosol a highly-reducing environment. An NADPH-utilizing pathway forms NADP +, which stimulates Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to produce more NADPH.
GR requires FAD and NADPH to facilitate this reaction; first a hydride must be transferred from NADPH to FAD. The reduced flavin can then act as a nucleophile to attack the disulfide, this forms the C4a-cysteine adduct. Elimination of this adduct results in a flavin-thiolate charge-transfer complex. [23]
In enzymology, a glutamate synthase (NADPH) (EC 1.4.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H + 2 L-glutamate + NADP + Thus, the four substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamine, 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate), NADPH, and H +, whereas the two products are L-glutamate and NADP +.
In enzymology, a NADPH peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction NADPH + H + + H 2 O 2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } NADP + + 2 H 2 O The 3 substrates of this enzyme are NADPH , H + , and H 2 O 2 , whereas its two products are NADP + and H 2 O .
Nitrate reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.7.1.3, assimilatory nitrate reductase, assimilatory reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-nitrate reductase, NADPH-nitrate reductase, assimilatory NADPH-nitrate reductase, triphosphopyridine nucleotide-nitrate reductase, NADPH:nitrate reductase, nitrate reductase (NADPH 2), NADPH 2:nitrate oxidoreductase) is an enzyme with systematic name nitrite ...