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HIV can survive at room temperature outside the body for hours if dry (provided that initial concentrations are high), [31] and for weeks if wet (in used syringes/needles). [32] However, the amounts typically present in bodily fluids do not survive nearly as long outside the body—generally no more than a few minutes if dry. [23]
Two types of HIV have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the virus that was initially discovered and termed both lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) and human T-lymphotropic virus 3 (HTLV-III). HIV-1 is more virulent and more infective than HIV-2, [20] and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. The lower ...
HIV-1 is the more commonly associated with AIDS in the US and worldwide, HIV-2 is more rare, and typically restricted to areas in western Africa and southern Asia. HIV-2 is so uncommon that “HIV” almost always refers to HIV-1. Alright HIV targets CD4+ cells, meaning cells that have this specific molecule called CD4 on their membrane.
[5] [12] An HIV-positive person on treatment can expect to live a normal life, and die with the virus, not of it. [ 13 ] [ 12 ] Effective treatment for HIV-positive people (people living with HIV ) involves a life-long regimen of medicine to suppress the virus, making the viral load undetectable.
Structure of HIV, a lentivirus. The virions are enveloped viruses 80–100 nm in diameter. [6] They are spherical or pleomorphic, with capsid cores that mature to a cylindrical or conical shape. [6] [7] Projections of envelope make the surface appear rough, or tiny spikes (about 8 nm) may be dispersed evenly over the surface. [6]
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Within a specific kingdom ( Plantae, Animalia, Fungi etc) the localization of viruses colonizing the host can vary: Some human viruses, for example, HIV, colonizes only the immune system, while influenza viruses on the other hand can colonize either the upper respiratory tract or the lower respiratory tract depending on the type (human ...
After a spiked replication of HIV, the viral load and CD4 T cell count drops back down. Symptoms of acute HIV infection include fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. Acute symptoms occur usually 2–4 weeks after initial HIV infection and can last between a few days and several weeks [3]