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The concept describes an unquestioned imitation by Eastern cultures of Western appearance, behavior (particularly consumerism and materialism), modes of reasoning and expression with an insufficient intellectual understanding thereof. This would lead to the ruling classes reasoning and behaving in a way that is inconsistent with the environment ...
The concept of the Two-Nation Theory on which Pakistan was founded, was largely based on Muslim nationalism. [1] [2] Secularism in Pakistan went from being a matter of practice in law by the Government of Pakistan to a political movement opposing the Islamization policies of the military dictator General Zia-ul-Haq in the 1980s.
Specific to Westernization and the non-Western culture, foreign societies tend to adopt changes in their social systems relative to Western ideology, lifestyle, and physical appearance, along with numerous other aspects, and shifts in culture patterns can be seen to take root as a community becomes acculturated to Western customs and ...
An Introduction to Pakistan Studies, (a popular text-book which is compulsory reading for first and second year college students studying for an Fine Arts (FA) degree in history), claims that Pakistan is an Islamic State, governed by Allah & is not a mere geographical entity but more of an ideology reflecting a unique civilization and or ...
In the book Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World (1994), the author N. Ayubi explained what he believes to be the two main concerns of Islamic political movements and extremist groups in the Middle East: The Western belief in a bureaucratic state; and; The secular values and beliefs associated with concepts such as modernity ...
As a result, in 2019, he published The Limits of Westernization: American and East Asian Intellectuals Create Modernity, 1860–1960, an extended critique of westernization. [3] The work won the Kenneth Baldridge Prize in 2020. [4] Davidann published the essay "The Myth of Westernization" in Aeon Magazine in 2021. [5]
Non-Western countries can attempt to achieve isolation in order to preserve their own values and protect themselves from Western invasion. However, Huntington argues that the costs of this action are high and only a few states can pursue it. According to the theory of "band-wagoning", non-Western countries can join and accept Western values ...
Anti-Western sentiment in Russia dates back to the 19th-century intellectual debate between Westernizers and Slavophiles. While the former deemed Russia to be a lagging Western country, the latter rejected these claims outright and considered Western Europe to be 'rotten' (whence the Russian-language cliche phrase 'rotten West').