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Healthy individuals can be infected with the virus and show no signs or symptoms, due to the immune system's ability to keep the infection in check. Infection is of particular concern to the immunocompromised. Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, AIDS patients, and organ transplant patients are all at a high risk of showing signs of infection.
Adenoviruses can lead to tumors in rodent models but do not cause cancer in humans; however, they have been exploited as delivery vehicles in gene therapy for diseases such as cystic fibrosis and cancer. [15] Simian virus 40 (SV40), a polyomavirus, can cause tumors in rodent models but is not oncogenic in humans. [16]
Herpesviruses also cause cancer in animals, especially leukemias and lymphomas. [13] Human T cell lymphotropic virus was the first human retrovirus discovered by Robert Gallo and colleagues at NIH. [20] The virus causes Adult T-cell leukemia, a disease first described by Takatsuki and colleagues in Japan [21] and other neurological diseases ...
More than 3.7 billion people under the age of 50 suffer from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), usually after catching it in childhood. You probably have herpes, the WHO says Skip to main ...
In this fashion, the virus can persist in the cell (and thus the host) indefinitely. While primary infection is often accompanied by a self-limited period of clinical illness, long-term latency is symptom-free. [citation needed] Chromatin dynamics regulate the transcription competency of entire herpes virus genomes.
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutant 1716 lacks both copies of the ICP34.5 gene, and as a result is no longer able to replicate in terminally differentiated and non-dividing cells but will infect and cause lysis very efficiently in cancer cells, and this has proved to be an effective tumour-targeting strategy.
Mesothelioma is associated with simian virus 40, [29] especially in conjunction with asbestos exposure. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with HIV and simian virus 40. [30] Oropharyngeal cancer can be caused by human papillomaviruses. Ovarian cancer is associated with mumps virus.
HSV1716 is a first generation oncolytic virus developed by the Glasgow Institute of Virology, and subsequently by Virttu Biologics (formerly Crusade Laboratories, a spin-out from The Institute of Virology), to selectively destroy cancer cells. The virus has the trade name SEPREHVIR. It is based on the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1).