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Carl L. Bankston and Stephen J. Caldas, in their books A Troubled Dream: The Promise and Failure of School Desegregation in Louisiana (2002) and Forced to Fail: The Paradox of School Desegregation (2005), argued that continuing racial inequality in the larger American society had undermined efforts to force schools to desegregate. [19]
A Girl Stands at the Door: The Generation of Young Women Who Desegregated America's Schools. Basic Books. ISBN 978-1541697331. Jackson, John P. (2005). Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 9780814742716. Kean, Melissa (2008).
Initially, Catholic schools in the South generally followed the pattern of segregation in public schools, sometimes enforced by law. However, most Catholic dioceses began moving ahead of public schools to desegregate. Prior to the desegregation of public schools, St. Louis was the first city to desegregate its Catholic schools in 1947. [35]
While the government program of Japanese American internment targeted all the Japanese in America as enemies, most German and Italian Americans were left in peace and were allowed to serve in the U.S. military. Pressure to end racial segregation in the government grew among African Americans and progressives after the end of World War II.
As America marks the 70th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education, Keith Magee notes that many schools are as segregated now as they were in 1954. Opinion: America vowed to desegregate its schools.
The Court ordered the county to desegregate immediately and eliminate racial discrimination "root and branch". [7] Then in 1971, the Burger Court in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ruled that the school district must achieve racial balance even if it meant redrawing school boundaries and the use of busing as a legal tool.
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Themstrom, Stephan and Abigail, America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible New York, NY: Touchstone, 1997. ISBN 0-684-84497-4. Adel Iskandar and Hakem Rustom, From Paris to Cairo: Resistance of the Unacculturated The Ambassadors online magazine. Hong, Dorothy "Tales from a Korean Maiden in America" (iUniverse, 2003) ISBN 0-595-28390-X