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  2. Electrocardiography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography

    Leads are broken down into three types: limb; augmented limb; and precordial or chest. The 12-lead ECG has a total of three limb leads and three augmented limb leads arranged like spokes of a wheel in the coronal plane (vertical), and six precordial leads or chest leads that lie on the perpendicular transverse plane (horizontal). [33]

  3. Hexaxial reference system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexaxial_reference_system

    The hexaxial reference system is a diagram that is used to determine the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane. The hexaxial reference system, better known as the Cabrera system, is a convention to present the extremity leads of the 12 lead electrocardiogram, [1] that provides an illustrative logical sequence that helps interpretation of the ECG, especially to determine the heart's ...

  4. Einthoven's triangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einthoven's_triangle

    Electrodes may be placed distally or proximally on the limb without affecting the recording. [5] The right leg electrode acts to reduce interference, and can be placed anywhere without an effect on the ECG results. [6] Each lead measures the electric field created by the heart during the depolarization and repolarization of myocytes. The ...

  5. Third-degree atrioventricular block - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-degree_atrio...

    Since pacemaker correction of the third-degree block requires full-time pacing of the ventricles, a potential side effect is pacemaker syndrome, and may necessitate the use of a biventricular pacemaker, which has an additional 3rd lead placed in a vein in the left ventricle, providing more coordinated pacing of both ventricles.

  6. Left axis deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_axis_deviation

    The hexaxial reference system is a diagram that is used to determine the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane.. In electrocardiography, left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition wherein the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal plane direction between −30° and −90°.

  7. Electrocardiography in myocardial infarction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography_in...

    The use of additional ECG leads like right-sided leads V3R and V4R and posterior leads V7, V8, and V9 may improve sensitivity for right ventricular and posterior myocardial infarction. In spite of these limitations, the 12 lead ECG stands at the center of risk stratification for the patient with suspected acute myocardial infarction.

  8. Bioinstrumentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinstrumentation

    Traditional ECGs are much more accurate given they consist of 12 leads however it comes with the trade off of patient comfort and function. [57] The 12 leads of the traditional ECG are 3 bipolar limb leads, three unipolar limb leads, and 6 unipolar chest leads and gives a better spatial accuracy and is most often used in ambulatory care and for ...

  9. Right axis deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_axis_deviation

    This refers to the appearance of leads I and II. If the QRS complex is negative in lead I and positive in lead II, the QRS complexes appear to be "reaching" to touch each other. This signifies right axis deviation. Conversely, if the QRS complex is positive in lead I and negative in lead II the leads have the appearance of "leaving" each other.

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