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Everywhere around the world during the equinoxes (March 20/21 and September 22/23) except for the poles, the sun rises due east and sets due west. In the Northern Hemisphere, the equinox sun peaks in the southern half (about halfway up from the horizon at mid latitude) of the sky, while in the Southern Hemisphere, that sun peaks in the northern ...
In this scheme, clockwise from north at 90° intervals one encounters west, south, and east, and the direction of solar rotation is from east to west. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Heliographic
The Sun appears to move northward during the northern spring, crossing the celestial equator on the March equinox. Its declination reaches a maximum equal to the angle of Earth's axial tilt (23.44° or 23°26') [ 8 ] [ 9 ] on the June solstice , then decreases until reaching its minimum (−23.44° or -23°26') on the December solstice , when ...
The coolest layer of the Sun is a temperature minimum region extending to about 500 km above the photosphere, and has a temperature of about 4,100 K. [77] This part of the Sun is cool enough to allow for the existence of simple molecules such as carbon monoxide and water. [ 81 ]
The east–west component results from the nonuniform rate of change of the Sun's right ascension, governed by the combined effects of Earth's axial tilt and its orbital eccentricity. [ 1 ] One can photograph an analemma by keeping a camera at a fixed location and orientation and taking multiple exposures throughout the year, always at the same ...
The approximate temperature in the solar atmosphere plotted against height The solar transition region is a region of the Sun 's atmosphere between the upper chromosphere and corona . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is important because it is the site of several unrelated but important transitions in the physics of the solar atmosphere:
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At fixed latitude, the size of the seasonal difference in sun angle (and thus the seasonal temperature variation) is equal to double the Earth's axial tilt. For example, with an axial tilt is 23°, and at a latitude of 45°, then the summer's peak sun angle is 68° (giving sin(68°) = 93% insolation at the surface), while winter's least sun ...