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Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes
K ow, being a type of partition coefficient, serves as a measure of the relationship between lipophilicity (fat solubility) and hydrophilicity (water solubility) of a substance. The value is greater than one if a substance is more soluble in fat-like solvents such as n-octanol, and less than one if it is more soluble in water. [citation needed]
The stalagmometric method was improved by S. V. Chichkanov and colleagues, [2] who measured the weight of a fixed number of drops rather than counting the drops. This method for determining the surface tension may be more precise than the original method, especially for fluids whose surface is highly active.
Softener may refer to: Fabric softener , a conditioner that is typically applied to laundry during the rinse cycle in a washing machine. Stool softener , anionic surfactants that enable additional water and fats to be incorporated in the stool, making it easier for them to move through the gastrointestinal tract.
All-purpose cleaners are usually concentrated solutions of surfactants and water softeners, which enhance the behavior of surfactant in hard water. Typical surfactants are alkylbenzene sulfonates, an anionic detergent, and modified fatty alcohols. A typical water softener is sodium triphosphate.
The chemical formula of PDMS is CH 3 [Si(CH 3) 2 O] n Si(CH 3) 3, where n is the number of repeating monomer [Si(CH 3) 2 O] units. [4] Industrial synthesis can begin from dimethyldichlorosilane and water by the following net reaction: n Si(CH 3) 2 Cl 2 + (n+1) H 2 O → HO[Si(CH 3) 2 O] n H + 2n HCl. The polymerization reaction evolves ...
In the first few minutes of the first “My Big Fat Greek Wedding,” Gus Portokalos, played by the late actor Michael Constantine, is seen using a bottle of Windex on what looks like a pimple or ...
Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR 4] +, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group [1] or organyl group.