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Functional job analysis (FJA) is a method of job analysis that was developed by the Employment and Training Administration of the United States Department of Labor. FJA produces standardized occupational information specific to the performance of the work and the performer.
The frictions in the labor market are sometimes illustrated graphically with a Beveridge curve, a downward-sloping, convex curve that shows a fixed relationship between the unemployment rate on one axis and the vacancy rate on the other. Changes in the supply of or demand for labor cause movements along this curve.
In an economy with involuntary unemployment, there is a surplus of labor at the current real wage. [1] This occurs when there is some force that prevents the real wage rate from decreasing to the real wage rate that would equilibrate supply and demand (such as a minimum wage above the market-clearing wage). Structural unemployment is also ...
Competition causes the same jobs to move to a different location, and workers do not or cannot follow. Examples: Manufacturing jobs in the United States moved from what are now called Rust Belt cities to lower-cost cities in the South and rural areas. Globalization has caused many manufacturing jobs to move from high-wage to low-wage countries.
Other social dynamics, like how labor is compensated, can even exclude meaningful tasks from a society's conception of work. For example, in modern market-economies where wage labor or piece work predominates, unpaid work may be omitted from economic analysis or even cultural ideas of what qualifies as work. [citation needed]
There are many domestic factors affecting the U.S. labor force and employment levels. These include: economic growth; cyclical and structural factors; demographics; education and training; innovation; labor unions; and industry consolidation [2] In addition to macroeconomic and individual firm-related factors, there are individual-related factors that influence the risk of unemployment.
OLE also accounts for labor utilization. Understanding where downtime losses are coming from and the impact they have on production can reveal root causes—which can include machine downtime, material delays, or absenteeism—that delay a line startup. Calculation: Availability = Time operators are working productively / Time scheduled Example:
Emotional labor is the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job. [1] [2] More specifically, workers are expected to regulate their personas during interactions with customers, co-workers, clients, and managers. This includes analysis and decision-making in terms of the expression of emotion ...