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  2. Cochineal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochineal

    The word cochineal is derived from the French cochenille, derived from Spanish cochinilla, in turn derived from Latin coccinus, from Greek κόκκινος kokkinos, "scarlet" from κόκκος kokkos (Latin equivalent coccum) referring in this case either to the oak berry (actually the insects of the genus Kermes) or to a red dye made from the crushed bodies thereof.

  3. Dactylopius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylopius

    The cochineal is an insect of economic and historical importance as a main source of the red dye carmine. It has reportedly been used for this purpose in the Americas since the 10th century. [ 2 ] Genus Dactylopius is also important because several species have been used as agents of biological pest control , and because several are known as ...

  4. Spinal column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_column

    The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. In a human spinal column, there are normally 33 vertebrae. [3] The upper 24 pre-sacral vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx, or tailbone.

  5. Coccyx - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccyx

    A coccyx with four vertebrae below the sacrum. The coccyx is formed of three, four or five rudimentary vertebrae.It articulates superiorly with the sacrum.In each of the first three segments may be traced a rudimentary body and articular and transverse processes; the last piece (sometimes the third) is a mere nodule of bone.

  6. Acetabulum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetabulum

    There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum.Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum.

  7. Cochlea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlea

    3D model of cochlea and semicircular canals. The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing.It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, in humans making 2.75 turns around its axis, the modiolus.

  8. Opuntia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opuntia

    Apart from cochineal, the red dye betanin can be extracted from some Opuntia plants themselves. [25] The Navajo have traditionally produced a reddish dye from the fruit of the prickly pear cactus, used in dyeing woolen yarns, [ 39 ] and where, after pulverizing the fruit, they are placed in a bath solution of cold water for two or three weeks.

  9. Dactylopius opuntiae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylopius_opuntiae

    A new strain of the cochineal was introduced from Opuntia stricta collected in Australia in 1997 with encouraging results. The genotype of Dactylopius opuntiae which effectively controlled Opuntia stricta in South Africa was also introduced in Kenya, resulting in the reduction in flowering and fruiting, and leading to the death of the plants.