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The Inland Freight Equalization Margin (IFEM) is a regulatory measure implemented in Pakistan to equalize the price of petroleum products across different regions of the country. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It includes the costs for refineries to transport crude oil from its source to their facilities, as well as the expenses for Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs ...
On 1 January 2012, the Nigerian government headed by president Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, tried to cease the subsidy on petrol and deregulate the oil prices by announcing the new price for petrol as US$0.88/litre from the old subsidised price of US$0.406/litre (LAGOS), which in areas distant from Lagos petrol was priced at US$1.25/litre.
Natural gas production is at a relatively high level and remaining reserves are estimated to be about 885.3 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.). Pakistan's gas fields are only expected to last for about another 20 years at the most due to heavy industrial usage. [10] [11] The Sui gas field is the biggest natural gas field in Pakistan.
The main commodities traded on the Exchange have been Gold, Silver and Crude Oil. There are various contracts in each. Gold has eight contracts namely Gold 1 ounce, Gold 100 ounce, Gold 1 Tola, Gold 50 Tola, Gold 100 tola, Gold Kilo, Gold 100 g, and Minigold 10 g. Tola gold and minigold are deliverable contracts.
In 2004, Pakistan Petroleum was listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange, following an initial public offering at PKR 55 per share. [4] In 2012, Pakistan Petroleum acquired MND operations in Pakistan for $180 million. [5] Later, it was unearthened that Pakistan Petroleum paid twice the market value and this resulted in the loss of PKR 6.21 billion. [6]
[3] [7] A year later, in 2002, Mari Gas, Total, and their contracting partners—Petronas, OMV, and the Oil and Gas Development Company—signed Pakistan's first-ever Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs) with the Government of Pakistan. [8] Mari's tariff was cost-plus but it was changed to international crude prices, starting from 2014-2015. [9]
PSO is the first public company in Pakistan to pass the PKR 1 trillion revenue mark. Pakistan State Oil has been a member of the World Economic Forum since 2003. [6] Its primary listing is on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. [6] The State-owned Pakistan State Oil Co. has 3,500 petrol pumps. Where as Cnergyico has 982 petrol pumps, Total Parco ...
It is the second largest petrol pump network in Pakistan. [7] Total Parco was founded in 2002 as a joint venture between Pak-Arab Refinery (PARCO) and Total S.A. [8] In 2013, Total Parco acquired 438 petrol stations of Chevron Corporation Pakistan. [9] The acquisition was completed in 2015 and Caltex petrol pumps were renamed as Total Parco. [10]