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S = Hydraulic slope; h f = head loss in meters (water) over the length of pipe; L = length of pipe in meters; Q = volumetric flow rate, m 3 /s (cubic meters per second) C = pipe roughness coefficient; d = inside pipe diameter, m (meters) Note: pressure drop can be computed from head loss as h f × the unit weight of water (e.g., 9810 N/m 3 at 4 ...
In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe.
Water friction loss ("hydraulic slope") S versus flow Q for given ANSI Sch. 40 NPT PVC pipe, roughness height ε = 1.5 μm. In a design problem, one may select pipe for a particular hydraulic slope S based on the candidate pipe's diameter D and its roughness ε.
Darcy–Weisbach equation calculator; Pipe pressure drop calculator Archived 2019-07-13 at the Wayback Machine for single phase flows. Pipe pressure drop calculator for two phase flows. Archived 2019-07-13 at the Wayback Machine; Open source pipe pressure drop calculator. Web application with pressure drop calculations for pipes and ducts
Typically on straight road sections, the drainage gradient is at least 1–3% due to the normal cross slope of 1–3%. In curved sections the drainage gradient is higher, and may often reach 5–12% due to superelevated CS that may reach 5–8% in areas with icy roads and up to 12% in areas without icy roads.
S is the stream slope or hydraulic gradient, the linear hydraulic head loss loss (dimension of L/L, units of m/m or ft/ft); it is the same as the channel bed slope when the water depth is constant. (S = h f /L). k is a conversion factor between SI and English units.
l = slope length α = angle of inclination. The grade (US) or gradient (UK) (also called stepth, slope, incline, mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature, landform or constructed line is either the elevation angle of that surface to the horizontal or its tangent. It is a special case of the slope, where zero indicates horizontality. A ...
In fluid mechanics, pipe flow is a type of fluid flow within a closed conduit, such as a pipe, duct or tube. It is also called as Internal flow. [1] The other type of flow within a conduit is open channel flow. These two types of flow are similar in many ways, but differ in one important aspect.