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Opiate overdose symptoms and signs can be referred to as the "opioid toxidrome triad": decreased level of consciousness, pinpoint pupils and respiratory depression. Other symptoms include seizures and muscle spasms. Sometimes an opiate overdose can lead to such a decreased level of consciousness such that the person will not wake up.
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) or opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity, also called paradoxical hyperalgesia, is an uncommon condition of generalized pain caused by the long-term use of high dosages of opioids [1] such as morphine, [2] oxycodone, [3] and methadone. [4] [5] OIH is not necessarily confined to the original affected site. [6]
[56] [78] As a result of downregulated signaling through these proteins, opiates cause VTA neuronal hyperexcitability and shrinkage (specifically, the size of the neuronal soma is reduced). [56] It has been shown that when an opiate-naive person begins using opiates in concentrations that induce euphoria, BDNF signaling increases in the VTA. [79]
It is mainly used as an analgesic (pain medication). There are numerous methods used to administer morphine: orally; administered under the tongue; via inhalation; injection into a vein, injection into a muscle, injection under the skin, or injection into the spinal cord area; transdermal; or via administered into the rectal canal suppository.
Having a lot of processed foods and unhealthy fats also raises the risk of weight gain, which can put “unnecessary strain” on your joints and muscles—and that can make pain worse, Williams says.
"Listen to your body, rest, recover, and if it doesn't go away or you're in pain every time you try a certain activity, you need to be evaluated," says McDermott. Jump on a backyard trampoline
Opiate use for pain is widely accepted in the healthcare system. However, long-term treatment for chronic pain is controversial as there is a high risk of addiction associated with its use leading to abuse and diversion to others even when taken properly. [ 33 ]
In treating chronic pain, opioids are an option to be tried after other less risky pain relievers have been considered, including paracetamol or NSAIDs like ibuprofen or naproxen. [41] Some types of chronic pain, including the pain caused by fibromyalgia or migraine, are preferentially treated with drugs other than opioids.